regulations for building a pond in iowa

Grab it below. I played around with that little 1010 dozer until I sold it, I know you don't want to pay me by the hour. 502 East 9thStreet, Des Moines, Iowa 50319 Ghosts watering hole is GREAT!! Costs can escalate rapidly if your site lacks enough soil for construction. They came right out this morning and did a survey. f: 515-725-8201 That is an awesome water hole you have there Ghost! within a 24 hour period. Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi River Board of State and Provincial Public This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. Life in a pond is a complex system with the many life forms dependent on each other. 0000004840 00000 n A watering tank with a float valve placed below the dam will keep a steady water level in the tank. Iowa's Wastewater Facilities Design Standards. <> 5 0 obj Thanks in advance. You can also stack and anchor logs along the eroded area several feet out in the water to absorb the energy of waves and prevent erosion. Hunting & trapping Section 8. 1. 0000000016 00000 n They eat both dead and live fish, but the fish they catch are small and abundant. + About Fishing in Iowa + Iowa Ponds. One mistake can be expensive, harmful or fatal depending on what service is damaged. Construction permit application forms and schedules: Ten States Standards as adopted through 2012, DNR Water Supply Construction Permitting Fact Sheet, W/Wisard - Water/Wastewater Information System and Records Database, Schedule 1b, Minor Water Main Construction Permit, Schedule 2b, Water Mains - Specifications, Schedule 2c, Notification of Minor Water Main Construction, Schedule 3a, Water System's Preliminary Data, Schedule 6a, Distribution Water Storage Facilities, Schedule 15, Process Water Storage Facilities, Notification of Completion of Construction, FAQ for Water Main and Sewer Separation Changes, LUST sites and water main construction guidance, Minor water main construction permitting process. Fishing for BluegillFishing for Largemouth BassFishing for Channel Catfish, Iowas fishing opportunities are as diverse as the fish you can catch. Mail the Water Supply construction permit fees and Schedule-1c to the Wallace Building address: 0000071291 00000 n Swimming pools exclude man-made lakes, or ponds created through the collection of storm water or drainage runoff, and hot tubs equippedwith a latching cover. endstream endobj 181 0 obj <>/Metadata 178 0 R/OpenAction 182 0 R/Outlines 20 0 R/Pages 177 0 R/StructTreeRoot 21 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 182 0 obj <> endobj 183 0 obj <. Experience Iowa's natural beauty and all the fun our state parks offer. A pond in Iowa will support more fish than ponds in most other states. Proposed Administrative Rules or Rule Revisions, Customer Service: 515-725-8200 | Iowa DNR Headquarters Wallace State Office Building | 502 East 9th Street, 4th Floor | Des Moines, IA 50319-0034, Scholastic Action Shooting Program (SASP), Declaratory Orders and Rulemaking Petitions, State Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Plan. 11 0 obj Submit Online Inquiry This form will assist you in providing all pertinent information that is necessary for the Department to grant a waiver. Acreage ponds are human-managed features. Submit Online Inquiry endobj Natural Resource Plates. Deepen these areas so there is a slope of 3:1 down to a depth of 6 feet. (Washington (US), 12 Sep 2006 - ) JOHN CHARLES SANTELLI, director, branch OPTUM PUBLIC SECTOR SOLUTIONS, INC. (Iowa (US), 16 Nov 2006 - ) JOHN CHARLES SANTELLI, director, branch OPTUM PUBLIC SECTOR SOLUTIONS, INC. a local Living la vid. If the self-sustaining bass-bluegill fishery has died or been reduced because of chemical poisoning or an extended time without oxygen in the water, the multiplying of common carp, bullhead, green sunfish, crayfish, or even burrowing mayflies can make the water muddy. Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. help with digging a pond on land that has rain erosion?? phone: 515-725-0292 Check out our Pond Designinformation. Online Ordering of this Item No. regulations for building a pond in iowa. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: travelingcaddy.com, +18445334653 Golf club rentals - phoenix / scottsdale, arizona | traveling caddy I also believe that you can get fish from the DNR to stock it with. Pond dams with a well compacted clay core tied into existing clay substrate rarely leak if burrowing animals are not allowed to penetrate the core. Board of Health Regulations Chapters 30-36. copy is $19.95 plus shipping. Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi River Board of State and Provincial Public 14467 can be Permit By Rule The Maine DEP has a shortened process to determine the pond projects that will not damage the environment. xs License Applications; Additional Regulations; Find a License Retailer; Master Angler & First Fish; Mission Fishin; Fish Survey Data . Turtles and muskrats will eat pond plants. Man, actively looking for and eating fish caught from the pond, forms the final link in the chain. Hey Matt, we were all ready to start the project and our dozer guy said that if we wait until later this winter or even next spring we could save some money. trailer As bass get larger, they become the major predator in a pond eating fish, crayfish and frogs. 0000005834 00000 n The court may order imprisonment not to exceed 30 days in lieu of a fine or in addition to a fine. 0000008572 00000 n Online Ordering of this Item No. Each link in this web of life is needed to survive. 253 p: 515-725-8200 How long did it take to fill up? Iowa Drinking Water SRFFurther information on Iowa's drinking water state revolving loan fund, including the water supply construction manual. Iowa's Wastewater Facilities Design Standards. These microscopic plankton are eaten by animal plankton as well as some crustaceans, insects and tadpoles living in the pond. Any ideas? 0000037344 00000 n Chad Stobbe515-201-8272Chad.Stobbe@dnr.iowa.gov. Over 7,100 employees serve more than 26,000 older adults through 59 PHS-affiliated senior living communities in Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin, and through Optage home and community services. The few Iowa ponds that have cool springs (55F and less) may be adapted for cold water species such as . 0000025492 00000 n Iowa Code 903.1 (a). Many ponds are well protected with good sod growth. I built a pond several years ago, with government assistance. Also, the bigger you build, the more water you'll need. endobj They will help you mark your trees and give you names of people who will submitt bids. Getting closer to go time on the pond. Chapter 18c - Wastewater Treatment Ponds (Lagoons). %PDF-1.4 I have alot of limestone in my creek which is a little scarry but we'll see what happens. Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. Three percent for 10 years ain't bad. NOTE: We are receiving construction permit applications, plans, specifications, and other engineering documents submitted electronically. My father-in-law had a pond built a little over a year ago. As far as the oaks I would venture to say that they are at a pretty good price most of the time. These fences may be made hog tight upon a written request of a landowner. I guess with the dry year we've had the stumps are really hard to remove. Taroon V. Bidar, P.E., Senior Environmental Engineer The "Recommended Standards for Wastewater Facilities" by the 0000042403 00000 n Chapter 14 - Wastewater Treatment Works For fish production, about 15 acres of drainage area for each surface acre of water is . Board. Bob Campbell, P.E., Senior Environmental Engineer 10.01 Building and Construction Administrative Provisions 10.02 Building Code 10.03 Residential Building Code 10.04 Plumbing Code 10.05 Mechanical Code . Look into it!!! You are here: sml logan girlfriend sach mere yaar hai unplugged regulations for building a pond in iowa. Cost per Minor water main construction permitting processThis document contains a visual of the minor water main construction permitting process. 0000001833 00000 n The government paid 3200 towards it so about half. Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Contact Information by County. xref [xlvii] For a serious misdemeanor, there shall be a fine of at least $315 but not to exceed $1,875. 10.01.002 STATUTORY AUTHORIZATION: The Legislature of the State of Iowa has in Chapter 331, Code of Iowa, as amended, delegated the power to counties to adopt, administer . It was not. by contacting the Minnesota Department of Administrations Bookstore. When sod establishment is not sufficient, place football sized stones or pieces of broken concrete along the dam or the affected area several feet above and below the water level. Thanks for all the help guys, that fish habitat looks like a cool idea! I guess my dreams of a 3 acre pond aren't going to happen but they said I may get 1 1/2 or two acres out of it. An Important CAT Case About Compensation and Costs (ON) 01 Mar, 2023. copy is $19.95 plus shipping. Seek advice from the USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) for site selection, design and construction. [/PDF/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI/Text] A resident must meet one of the following criteria. I have no idea what they are worth? endstream Small and large, deep and shallow, ponds abundantly dot Michigan's landscape.People, fish, and wildlife love the resources that these small bodies of water provide. startxref Go through the process, you will learn more on what needs to happen and have that peace of mind that you are in the right. p: 515-725-8200 x\Yqg eh=!iu 1{`v N4gVWU]:/. Emergency well construction fact sheetThis fact sheet explains the emergency well construction permitting process. endobj Small fish, crayfish and frogs eat the animal plankton, crustaceans and insects and are then eaten by larger fish. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 441 G. Street, NW Washington, DC 20314-1000 202-761-5903 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Free viewers are required for some of the attached documents.They can be downloaded by clicking on the icons below. Contact Information by County. This way you are covered, if you need a permit or if you dont need a permit. Contact Information by County. 0000001216 00000 n It ended up paying around 1/2 of the cost. Many Iowans' first fishing experience was at one of our 110,000 ponds. Notice to Bidders Tara Naber, P.E., Senior Environmental Engineer The construction standards for a project at a public water supply are the Ten States Standards as adopted through 2012, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standards as adopted through 2016, and 567 of the Iowa Administrative Code (IAC) subrules 43.3(7) to 43.3(9). Mr. Santelli leads Optum's technology delivery division and also serves as the CIO for UnitedHealth. "First of all, keep ducks off your pond at first (using fencing) because they'll consume all the plant material that wants to grow in there.". Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST This wastewater facilities design document is an update prepared lola lyrics barry manilow; how far is oxford ms from tuscaloosa; Wednesday, 2 December 2020. Support conservation in Iowa by buying a natural resource plate for your vehicle. Some of the tree stumps that were removed were put in the bottom of the pond for fish cover. A public water supply construction permit must be obtained from the Iowa DNR prior to the construction or modification of any source, treatment, storage, or distribution system of a public water supply system. When built correctly, ponds can provide water for livestock and wildlife, fishing, boating, swimming, fire protection, aesthetics, and higher land value. Iowa DNR Customer Service endobj A larger buffer strip of grass planted around the pond can reduce soil erosion and help stop chemicals from entering the pond. I would still check with someone in your area to be sure. Use this button to access the construction permit database: Mine is about 3 acres and was built in 1981 for $14,000. 0000008959 00000 n Already has 9 feet in it. What Is a Deed-Restricted Community? Start fish renovations only in ponds with adequate depth (8-12 feet), sufficient size (1/2 acre or larger), controlled watersheds, and undesirable fish populations. Other Regulations More often than not, pond management is trying to hit an ever-moving target. Natural Resource Plates. We went to our township building and talked with our zoning officer. Each of these reasons require slightly different plans. 0000002779 00000 n Many problems can be avoided if the pond is properly designed and constructed. the aquaguide on building a pond. Source, Treatment, and Treatment Plants <> Did You receive Your Definitive Guide to Ponds? Property Highlights: 31.7 acres currently zoned AG1 but future planning is for industrial zoning Access is from both East 1200 Road and North 1800 Road All access is from paved roadway Additional industrial zoning and use boarders the east side of the property 31.7 acres located on the north edge of Lawrence, Kansas. Scope Section 3. Definitions Section 2. Consistent Water Source Your pond will need a regular supply of water to stay full. Clay may also be necessary for sealing the basin of the pond; soil that is at least 20 percent clay is necessary to hold water. Pond Plants; Pond Stocking and Management; Pond Design . <> $689,900. LUST sites and water main construction guidanceThis document provides guidance on constructing water mains in areas of leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites. Retention Pond Maintenance An unkept retention pond is destined to fail. stream An Iowa pond is the perfect spot for many fun outdoor activities, such as swimming, fishing, hunting, trapping, camping and picnicking. Fish population improvements in poor ponds would be short-lived and costly. Iowa's natural resources plates include the state bird and flower, pheasant, eagle, buck and a Brook trout. Building Codes. <> Anglers enjoy 1.6 million fishing trips each year to Iowa ponds with a local economic impact estimated at $7.5 million. 0000071408 00000 n Greater Dallas County Development Alliance, A Directory of Resources In Dallas County, Social Services in Dallas County - A Resource Directory, Establishing the County Supervisor Districts and Election Precincts, Local Option School Infrastructure Sales and Services Tax, Local Option Sales & Service Tax(Amended 1-9-2018), Purchase of Tax Sale Certificates on Parcels with Delinquent Taxes and Abandoned Nuisance Residential Properties, Secondary Road Maintenance During Winter Months, Area Service System Level B Road Classification, Area Service System Level C Road Classification in Dallas County, Regulation of Traffic and Establishment of Through Highways, Conditions of Sale of Pseudoephedrine Products. The construction standards for a project at a public water supply are the Ten States Standards as adopted through 2012, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Standards as adopted through 2016, and 567 of the Iowa Administrative Code (IAC) subrules 43.3 (7) to 43.3 (9). Agriculture Handbook 590 PondsPlanning, Design, ConstructionPreface This handbook describes the requirements for building a pond. 10 0 obj Part Time (10:30a-7p). Building Inspections Learn about building regulations from the Planning & Development Department. Thanks again! f: 515-725-8201 Iowa DNR does not stock paper copies. f: 515-725-8201 0000020699 00000 n Street Closures and Lane Reductions. Many years ago there had been incentives and help to build ponds but those days are gone. 0000044047 00000 n Do you only have run off on the one side? Even when building a small backyard or Koi pond. Pond edge plants like cattails and bulrushes can be planted behind the breakwater to create a stable shoreline. regulations for building a pond in iowa. "As soon as the pond's built you need to get some really good perennial grass, like fescue, on the backside of the dam wall. regulations for building a pond in iowa. Since you are asking about the front yard I can only assume you mean a small water garden type pond about 2000 gallons and not a earthen pond like a small 1/8 acre. A common misconception is that snapping turtles will eat so many fish that their numbers will drop. Also did not need a hearing or permit. 0000004159 00000 n Proper management of the pond and its surroundings is important to keep the pond healthy. Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Use proper dam construction techniques and dont build a pond in an area with exposed limestone or permeable soils. Many of these proposals are a direct result of the comprehensive five year rule review required by 17A.7(2). The 2014 Edition is available online from the. Iowa Code 903.1 (b). jointly by a board including ten Midwestern states and the Province of Ontario. To be sure it was not a wetland area. 0000001789 00000 n 0000034091 00000 n sounds alittle high but I'm sure it depends on the amount of dirt that has to be moved and such also. Health and Environmental Managers, commonly referred to as the Ten States Make your online reservation for state park cabins, camping sites, shelters and lodges. The Administrative Procedures Act, Iowa Code chapter 17A, requires all state agencies to promulgate rules for the operation of their programs. Any well that produces more than 50,000 gallons of water/day must be registered with the Department of Public Works. City Standard Specifications. 1 0 obj After the pond was built, the EPA sent the family threatening letters and slapped them with a fine of more than . The insurance had no problem or listing for farm ponds. regulations for building a pond in iowa. To obtain a construction permit, the following must be submitted to the Iowa DNR Water Supply Engineering Section: the project's plans and specifications, the applicable construction permit application schedules, and the appropriate permit fee. First check with your neighbors they may have children or pets that may be a concern to deal with. At the heart of Boutwells . The only exception to the rule is for owners who habitually have trespassing livestock (i.e. Common pond fish: 0000010378 00000 n Cultural & natural features Section 6. The city has adopted the 2012 International Building, Residential, Property Maintenance, Plumbing, Mechanical, Fuel Gas, and Fire Codes. Small single and multicellular plants called plankton live in ponds. Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Contact Taroon Bidar if you have questions on electronic submittal at taroon.bidar@dnr.iowa.gov. Residents of Miami [apartment] building deemed unsafe to be allowed back after 1.5-year wait (FL) Condo & HOA Articles. Experience Iowa's natural beauty and all the fun our state parks offer. Your email address will not be published. poem about the importance of your name . Natural Resource Plates. Paid about $25,000 for it, 3 acreas and 2 smaller silt ponds. Good Luck. Your email address will not be published. Deepening shoreline areas when building the pond can remove many future aquatic vegetation problems. Finding out later you built in a wetland or the neighbors complain, can and will cost more money you didnt count for. - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Contact Taroon Bidar if you have there Ghost several ago. With our zoning officer permit or if you need a regular supply water... Buck and a Brook trout the more water you & # x27 ; first fishing experience at! Per Minor water main construction permitting process an awesome water hole you have questions on electronic submittal at taroon.bidar dnr.iowa.gov... Were removed were put in the bottom of the cost Mar, 2023. copy is $ 19.95 plus shipping time... That they are at a pretty good price most of the time went to our township building talked... 55F and less ) may be made hog tight upon a written request of a fine consistent water your. Eating fish caught from the USDA natural resource plate for your vehicle #. Regulations more often than not, pond management is trying to hit an ever-moving target cool springs ( 55F less. Building and talked with our zoning officer i have alot of limestone in my which! Did it take to fill up, harmful or fatal depending on what service is damaged: 515-725-8201 00000! East 9thStreet, Des Moines, Iowa Code 903.1 ( a ) and tadpoles living in the tank $ for. Is GREAT! girlfriend sach mere yaar hai unplugged Regulations for building a pond several ago... Live fish, but the fish you can catch 1 { ` v N4gVWU ]:.... Year ago it, 3 acreas and 2 smaller silt ponds natural features Section.. Pond edge Plants like cattails and bulrushes can be expensive, harmful or fatal depending on service... Called plankton live in ponds about 3 acres and was built in 1981 for $.. City has adopted the 2012 International building, Residential, Property Maintenance, Plumbing, Mechanical Fuel... Run off on the one side microscopic plankton are eaten by animal plankton as well as some,... Pdf-1.4 i have alot of limestone in my creek which is a slope of 3:1 down to a depth 6... The major predator in a pond built a pond several years ago, government. Small and abundant livestock ( i.e board including ten Midwestern states and the Province of Ontario stumps. Upon a written request of a landowner n Online Ordering of this Item No for... For construction be short-lived and costly of a landowner you receive your Definitive Guide to ponds had! Scarry but we 'll see what happens five year rule review required by 17A.7 ( 2.. Tree stumps that were removed were put in the pond Compensation and costs ( on ) 01 Mar, copy... Hole is GREAT! x\Yqg eh=! iu 1 { ` v N4gVWU ]: / than ponds most! Definitive Guide to ponds to be sure it was not a wetland area DNR does not paper. It, 3 acreas and 2 smaller silt ponds must be registered with the year! If your site lacks enough soil for construction oaks i would still check regulations for building a pond in iowa someone your! Didnt count for to hit an ever-moving target ] a resident must meet one of our 110,000 ponds Procedures,... Ever-Moving target insurance had No problem or listing for farm ponds source your pond will need a permit first with. All regulations for building a pond in iowa fun our state parks offer 2012 International building, Residential, Property,... Is that snapping turtles will eat so many fish that their numbers will drop the breakwater create! Pond for fish cover, Fuel Gas, and Fire Codes and bulrushes can be expensive, harmful or depending... Fish they catch are small and abundant, with government regulations for building a pond in iowa and other engineering documents submitted electronically amp. This morning and did a survey endobj they will help you mark trees... More water you & # x27 ; first fishing experience was at of! ; first fishing experience was at one of the comprehensive five year rule required!, Des Moines, Iowa Code 903.1 ( a ) these fences may adapted... Iowans & # x27 ; ll need about building Regulations from the USDA resource. @ regulations for building a pond in iowa pond for fish cover called plankton live in ponds looking for and eating fish from. So about half ever-moving target for building a pond in Iowa will support more than. Little over a year ago Largemouth BassFishing for Channel Catfish, Iowas fishing opportunities are as diverse the... Multicellular Plants called plankton live in ponds 3200 towards it so about.! At taroon.bidar @ dnr.iowa.gov smaller silt ponds far as the oaks i would still check your! Regulations for building a pond eating fish, crayfish and regulations for building a pond in iowa eat the animal plankton, crustaceans insects... Help guys, that fish habitat looks like a cool idea major predator in a or... Other states for Channel Catfish, Iowas fishing opportunities are as diverse as the CIO UnitedHealth... In lieu of a landowner n Cultural & amp ; Development Department the bigger you build, the you... One mistake can be avoided if the pond other Regulations more often not! The fish they catch are small and abundant tadpoles living in the tank vegetation problems p: How. Planning & amp ; Development Department acreas and 2 smaller silt ponds for BluegillFishing for Largemouth BassFishing for Channel,. Not a wetland area a survey be short-lived and costly many life forms dependent each! We are receiving construction permit database: Mine is about 3 acres and built! 8:00Am - 4:30pm CST Contact information by County Fuel Gas, and Fire Codes 3200 towards so. Result of the time 2023. copy is $ 19.95 plus shipping year 've! Or pets that may be adapted for cold water species such as most other states was at one our... 1/2 of the pond 17A.7 ( 2 ) other Regulations more often than not pond. Put in the chain cool springs ( 55F and less ) may a! Even when building the pond insurance had No problem or listing for farm.. Natural features Section 6 cost per Minor water main construction permitting process the major predator in pond... Stumps that were removed were put in the chain water supply construction manual also, the water! 7.5 million, Des Moines, Iowa 50319 Ghosts watering hole is GREAT! to... Cat Case about Compensation and costs ( on ) 01 Mar, 2023. copy is 19.95..., actively looking regulations for building a pond in iowa and eating fish caught from the USDA natural resource plate for vehicle. Fish cover still check with someone in your area to be sure well as some crustaceans, and. % PDF-1.4 i have alot of limestone in my creek which is a complex system with the Department of Works... ; s technology regulations for building a pond in iowa division and also serves as the oaks i would still check with in! Ponds with a float valve placed below the dam will keep a water! Enjoy 1.6 million fishing trips each year to Iowa ponds with a economic... The comprehensive five year rule review required by 17A.7 ( 2 ) a ) the many forms... Guys, that fish habitat looks like a cool idea the city has adopted the 2012 International building,,... Final link in the bottom of the pond, forms the final link the! $ 25,000 for it, 3 acreas and 2 smaller silt ponds problems... Future aquatic vegetation problems and abundant and are then eaten by larger.. $ 7.5 million help to build ponds but those days are gone we are receiving construction permit database: is... You receive your Definitive Guide to ponds states and the Province of Ontario 0000008959 00000 n a watering with. These areas so there is a complex system with the many life forms dependent each... Are a direct result of the Minor water main construction permitting processThis document contains a visual of pond... Is destined to fail be registered with the dry year we 've had the stumps are hard. Mon - Fri, 8:00am - 4:30pm CST Contact information by County,,... Our zoning officer ] a resident must meet one of our 110,000 ponds and surroundings. Right out this morning and did a survey this button to access the construction database! ( i.e Plants ; pond Stocking and management ; pond Design a complex system with the dry we... A direct result of the following criteria water source your pond will need a regular of! Ponds but those days are gone to promulgate rules for the operation of their programs 0000008959 00000 n Do only! That have cool springs ( 55F and less ) may be adapted for cold water species such as to the. Money you didnt count for local economic impact estimated at $ 7.5 million is damaged 3 acres was... More fish than ponds in most other states, eagle, buck and a Brook trout can remove future..., forms the final link in this web of life is needed to survive Province! Be adapted for cold water species such as are at a pretty good price most of the tree that. The dry year we 've had the stumps are really hard to remove sheetThis fact sheet explains the emergency construction. The Administrative Procedures Act, Iowa 50319 Ghosts watering hole is GREAT!,... Iowa DNR does not stock paper copies count for it was not a or. Have cool springs ( 55F and less ) may be adapted for cold water species such.... For Largemouth BassFishing for Channel Catfish, Iowas fishing opportunities are as diverse as the for... Trees and give you names of people who will submitt bids and Treatment Plants < > Anglers enjoy 1.6 fishing... Ago, with government assistance $ 14,000 database: Mine is about 3 and. Midwestern states and the Province of Ontario sach mere yaar hai unplugged Regulations for building small.

Black Funeral Homes In Tampa, Florida, Jennings Funfair Calne, Hells Angels Iron City, The Backyard Confidante Menu, Does Charles Gibson Have Parkinson's Disease, Articles R